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Kassel Stuttering Therapy
A long-term study shows you can talk that with the help
of the Kassel Stuttering therapy about 70 percent of the
participants liquid over time. gain of this therapy, the patient
control the speech through new speech patterns. Breathing, voice
and articulation, they train the so-called soft speaking. The
therapy, a three-week intensive course is aimed at young people
and adults and is used by a computer program
accompanied.
Control is the buzzword of speech
therapy for stutterers. gain at the Kassel Stuttering therapy,
the patient control the speech through new speech patterns.
Breathing, voice and articulation, they train the so-called soft
speaking. At the same time they learn to break old patterns of
behavior: namely Stuttering avoid situations where they might
stutter. By making the statements and active control, replace the
unpleasant experience of failure and helplessness. Finally,
patients should demonstrate confidence in the new ability to
speak in an emergency. After her three-week intensive treatment
on site, for example, they must ask for directions in the city -
a situation that normally avoid the stuttering. Parallel to check
their voice therapy, the patient use with a computer learning
program.
Long-term success
A long-term study by Professor
Harald Euler from the Department of Psychology at the University
of Kassel shown that can be remedied in the long term especially
with language disorders, the Kassel Stuttering Therapy. Around
450 stakeholders at the age between twelve and 65 who
participated in the study. About 70 percent of patients can speak
more fluently than before. They had in various situations, such
as in an interview with a passerby or make phone calls to prove
their ability to speak. Before therapy, the affected stuttered at
about twelve percent of the spoken syllables, immediately after
the therapy, they paid an average of one to two percent of the
syllables. In the longer term, the mean stuttering rate for three
to four percent is stable. The three-percent limit is considered
Unauffälligkeitsgrenze, as well as non-stutterers talk show
occasionally blocking.
Brain activity changes in
stuttering
Stuttering is as shown by several
studies, most likely a neurological defect. In people who stutter
all her life, parts of the left brain are changed. Doctors at the
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, found that connections
between brain regions that are responsible for speaking, seem to
be disturbed in stuttering. The nerve connections between the
insurance are defective for the planning and responsible for
implementation of the language centers in the left hemisphere.
Delayed responding so those brain areas that control the correct
interaction of the tongue, throat and vocal cords. Parallel to
the long-term study by the University Hospital of Frankfurt
professor Euler studied in collaboration with the Institute of
the Kassel Stuttering Therapy and the University of Kassel in the
last three years, the brain activity of stutterer and the changes
after therapy. Nine clients were performed at baseline and one
year and two years later with a magnetic resonance imaging
examined are depicted with the activated brain regions. One
result is that the disturbances detected in stutterers are
compensated in the left hemisphere by adjacent brain regions are
activated more strongly after the therapy. Whether the cost is
covered for the Kassel Stuttering Therapy by state health
insurance depends on the individual case.
Date Published: Jul 20, 2010 - 3:04 am
Illiteracy: The causes
The causes
The reasons for illiteracy are
complex. Not infrequently, adverse family and social
relationships play a role: Social problems in the family,
disinterested and overwhelmed parents, neglect, prolonged illness
can all contribute to lernen.Lesen that children do not read
during the school year and write correctly is particularly will
experience negative when children or young people discouraged in
their attempts to be punished or even ostracized socially. In
families in which include books and newspapers to everyday life
and is read in which young children have a lot of functional
illiteracy shall meet as well as not.
Illiteracy and dyslexia
About four percent of students a
year group in Germany suffer from reading disabilities such as
dyslexia (LRS), the Legasthenie.Die World Health Organisation
defines dyslexia as a developmental disorder of reading and
writing skills. Affected children fall into this school, that,
apart from the performance in reading and writing, actually
perform well in school. The question of whether dyslexia has to
do with illiteracy, can be answered "no". It is thought that
genetic factors influence or harm during pregnancy and birth
information processing in the brain and so the development is
disrupted. The parents and the environment of the child mind of
the causes of the disorder but little importance.
Date Published: Jul 19, 2010 - 3:01 am
Illiteracy has nothing to do with lack of intelligence
The life of illiteracy is often a single excuse. You
think of everything possible to enable her "problem" is not
obvious. That a ten-year compulsory education in Germany protects
against illiteracy is still a mistake. Marianne K. (32) had never
read a book, manuals and leaflets ignored them.
If they had to fill out a form
with an authority, she asked the clerk to help her because she
had "forgotten" her glasses. She drove alone on vacation and
never knew except the neighborhood where she lived, no other
street names. was much more than write their names not Marianne.
Single letters or very short words she has been able to decipher.
At her job as a cleaning woman was the first not to. Marianne K.
is not alone. About four million people in Germany can not read
or write properly. These estimates of the Federal Association for
Literacy and basic education. To school, they are all gone, but
their reading and spelling problems were either ignored or not
properly treated, the parties have cleverly hidden it.
What is illiteracy?
Anyone who has never learned to
read and write, because he, for example - how many children in
developing countries - never went to school, falls under the
category primary illiteracy. To secondary illiteracy includes
people who have gone to school and read and have forgotten how to
write again. Functional illiteracy Finally, the inability to use
writing in everyday life is the way it is taken for granted.
Functional illiteracy is people like Marianne, who do recognize
letters and write their name and a few words can, but understand
the meaning of a text either not enough or not easily
understood.
For Peter Hubertus eV by the
Federal Association for Literacy illiteracy is a relative term:
"Whether a person is considered illiterate depends not only on
their individual reading and writing skills into account also
needs to what degree of written language proficiency within the
specific society in which this. person lives, as expected. If the
individual is lower than the necessary knowledge for granted and
is assumed knowledge of functional illiteracy before. " People in
developed countries with high reading skills are requirements
must therefore be regarded as functionally illiterate if they
have limited reading and writing skills.
Date Published: Jul 18, 2010 - 2:54 am
How to help Bobath and Vojta therapy?
Whether for child
development delays, Stroke or Parkinson's disease - disorders of
the central nervous system are usually treated with physiotherapy
treatment concepts.
Movement disorders effectively
treated with physiotherapy
Kicking movement disorders,
spasticity or paralysis on can as an infant physiotherapy are
used. During the Bobath approach to patient self-motivated
movements, activates the Vojta therapy targeted by pressure on
Muskel-/Knochenbereiche spontaneous movement patterns and motor
responses, such As eye movement, swallowing or breathing. "The
physiotherapy treatment by Bobath and Vojta are internationally
recognized and will be reimbursed in Germany by health
insurance," Ute Repschläger, physical therapist and president of
the Association of white self-prescribed physical therapists IFK
e. V. "The doctor KG CNS, which includes both procedures, that
the therapist can decide individually meaningful treatment.
"
Brain stores motion
In the central movement disorders
are perception and disturbed motor processes and are often
restricted by abnormal movement patterns or one-sided. Therefore,
the brain must be allowed to store physiological movement and
posture patterns in order to use them in everyday life. This idea
is found both in the Bobath and Vojta in the concept. "The
central nervous system are given the option of saving patterns of
movement and to use a motor," said Ute Repschläger.
Vojta therapy: patterns of
movement by stimuli
As a basic therapy is Vojta -
named after the Czech physician Dr. Vaclav Vojta - independent
use of the age of patients with movement disorders, muscular or
respiratory diseases. Targeted pressure on so-called areas of
irritation reactions in the whole organism can be triggered. The
body responds with innate movement patterns. Thus, the muscle
activities are given extensive training needed to stabilize the
body posture and control of the limbs is necessary. "There is a
special training Vojta reflex that is tailored specifically to
children," said Ute Repschläger. "It is important to repeatedly
trigger a day, the reflex patterns of movement below and reflex
creep." The Vojta therapy is especially helpful when children are
very active motor or muscle weaknesses, such as the respiratory
function.
Bobath therapy: practice everyday
activities
The Bobath therapy is named after
the couple Bertha and Karel Bobath and is used especially in
diseases of the central nervous system, such as after a stroke in
adults or children with disabilities by lack of oxygen during
birth. The aim of the therapist is to improve the activities of
the patient to cope with his everyday life. Through specific
treatment techniques and motivation to build such as the movement
sequences and transitions, practice balance reactions, and
improves body awareness.
Physical therapy is geared to the
age or developmental movement patterns and activities of daily
living used in real situations. For example, a stroke patient is
animated, the paralyzed side to eat with daily tasks such as
washing or use. Says Ute Repschläger. Children are Bobath
motivated playfully to correct disturbances of sensory and
balance. Motion incentives and experiences stimulate motor
learning "The goal of therapy is to increase by means of special
techniques, the independence and quality of life is" on. children
with movement, coordination and cognitive problems is thus helped
to optimal development.
Date Published: Jul 17, 2010 - 2:41 am
Rehabilitation in Focus
The focus is not only an organic
disease, but the whole human being with his private and
professional environment. As a complex care offered includes the
rehabilitation helps one to deal with the consequences of disease
and behavior modification. Doctors, physiotherapists,
psychologists and many other professional groups to work together
as an interdisciplinary and multi-professional teams with the
patient. In this specific case, this may be a cure for the
individual patient with a sophisticated treatment plan in a
specialized health clinic, or a series of treatments in an
outpatient practice.
Health security through
rehabilitation
Germany has a wide network of
rehabilitation facilities with high know-how and related
standards. In conjunction with businesses and companies, doctors,
support groups, nursing homes and hospitals to provide networked
supply as integration services. This form of the supply is the
view of the operator in the German health system a permanent
place to preserve and increase it as needed.
Rehab: Travel on
prescription?
Rehabilitation sets standards. It
is not a spa, or spa vacation, but ensuring their specialized
facilities to treat their patients according to the state of
science and research. The rehabilitation of scientific research
is funded by the relevant ministries and organizations and
supported. A rehabilitation treatment is therefore not funded by
the health holiday, but a medical treatment with a clear mandate
to doctor and patient. In particular, the observance of medical
instructions and treatment orders by the patient are an essential
factor for the successful completion of medical rehabilitation
treatment.
Medical rehabilitation with
anti-aging effect
Old to become and remain healthy
this long is not an exception anymore. Statistics show that women
now average 81, men age 75 years. The increasing life expectancy
can also increase the demands on their health. Among the now
65-year-old many are limited in their everyday activities
difficult. However, with increasing age, an increasing number of
chronic ailments. Old people - often with several diseases - jobs
in the Federal Republic of Germany is currently the fastest
growing segment of the population; model calculations suggest it
could increase the proportion needing care by 2030 to 2.5 million
people! Timely treatment and rehabilitation can, however, help to
prevent chronic diseases and long-term care or to limit and to
allow a self-determined life. For rehabilitation helps that
people aged more active and participate in the life of society
can remain.
Rehabilitation as an economic
factor
Demographic factors is increasing
the number of older people from the younger. The requirements for
professional qualifications and experience increase. Therefore,
the production of goods and services is an ever improved
preservation and promotion of younger as older workers need. A
longer working life, increased health promotion and occupational
integration will be the result. In this context, rehabilitation
is not just good for their own health, but as medical and
professional integration services and an investment in business
and national economic need for work. It helps to prevent
disability or keep within limits, it ensures that - even for the
chronically sick or disabled person - a better professional
future.
Medical and vocational
rehabilitation helps prevent damage such as disability,
incapacity or dependency, mitigate disease consequences and save
this high treatment costs. About 80 percent of all patients
remain in the working age over the first years after
rehabilitation in the workplace. The cost of treatment often pay
for themselves after a few months. So after the first view of the
operators could German rehabilitation day by early rehabilitation
spending billions in pension and social benefits prevent further
contributions paid to social security, jobs and know-how must be
protected in the workplace.
Date Published: Jul 16, 2010 - 2:35 am
Mental Health - Psychotherapy, but how?
If you need psychotherapeutic help, is faced with a
hardly manageable jungle: there are psychiatrists and
psychotherapists, psychologists and medical practitioners, and an
equally complex list of possible forms of therapy.
These include:
*
Psychoanalysis / analytical psychotherapy
* Behavior
Therapy
*
Psychotherapy
* Psychodynamic
psychotherapy
* Gestalt
therapy
*
Psychodrama
* Systemic
therapy
So if you want to find out of this
diversity for the best therapy and the right therapist, who
should at least be able to focus on some key points.
An act as an anchor
Since 1 January 1999, the
Psychotherapy Act into force, the title "psychotherapist"
protected by law. Psychotherapist can thus insurance approved to
receive if they have received national recognition as a medical
or psychological psychotherapist.
There are basically three types of
psychotherapists:
* Medical
Psychotherapy
* Psychological
Psychotherapy
* Other
Psychotherapy
Medical and psychological
psychotherapists have studied medicine or psychology and then
completed a multi-year in-service training, which then leads to
the specialization of "psychotherapy". From the medical community
is also still a distinction between psychotherapists and
psychiatrists. A psychiatrist is not necessarily a
psychotherapeutic training, but knows his way around, especially
in the treatment of severe personality disorders and psychosis,
are often treated with medication. Some psychiatrists but also a
psychotherapy training and offer themselves to form communities
of practice or outpatient psychotherapy with psychotherapists.
The training for Psychotherapy is offered by private therapy
institutions and companies and implemented. In order to acquire
the therapist approval and insurance approved, the appropriate
training institute is nationally recognized.
The qualification is
crucial
The third-party group of
psychotherapy are psychologists with other psychotherapeutic
training than as a psychological psychotherapist. There are also
medical practitioners, who had a psychotherapy training. However,
other professionals such as teachers or social workers may work
with a corresponding additional training in psychotherapy. For
this reason, it is especially important to learn about the
professional and specific psychotherapeutic training the
therapist before starting treatment.
Ethical principles
For psychotherapists are certain
professional and ethical rules. They are subject to strict
confidentiality and must work through their therapeutic
supervision, a type of status of internal quality control
checked. The views and dignity of every human being who is
entrusted to them, must be respected and the boundaries and
values are respected. There is also a so-called "abstinence":
therapists should and should not enter into personal
relationships with their patients for their own benefit. This
approach hampered the progress and success of therapy. In case of
doubt, the therapist must terminate treatment and refer his
client to another therapist.
Reimbursement
Psychotherapy is like any medical
treatment in Germany is a service of health insurance. The
patient can visit any of the physicians' association licensed
psychotherapist's choice. The health insurance companies cover
the cost of the three cash-approved procedures psychoanalytic
psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy and behavior therapy.
Other forms of treatment are generally not covered by health
insurance. Self-awareness, personal growth, couples therapy and
marriage counseling are excluded from the power of health
insurance. The aid will reimburse the costs of psychotherapeutic
treatments for psychological psychotherapists and therapists, and
therapists for children and young people and psychotherapists.
The current regulations are similar to those of the statutory
health insurance, some details such as in the hours quotas should
be ascertained individually.
Large differences in private
health insurance
In general, take over most private
health insurance the cost of psychotherapy services. Within each
of the respective insurance rates there are wide variations, so
that a detailed discussion with the appropriate insurance prior
to entering treatment. Under certain conditions, a reimbursement
of the Federal Social Assistance Act is possible.
Sample sessions are possible and
useful
Anyone wishing to use a therapy in
claim seeks out a therapist and uses the first few hours to get
to know one. The therapist created in this period, the diagnosis
and makes a preliminary decision on the indication and the
prognosis of any treatment. Psychotherapy is from the sixth
session, granted in cases of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy from
the tenth session as an application performance. That is, the
insurance fund will ensure that the costs to review the need for
treatment.
How do I feel?
Whether each therapist is right
and what methods he would treat his clients, you should try out
in a preliminary and trial sessions. Who goes to therapy,
expected help and support. At the same time one should not make
his own perception of entry to the practice, but a note for
himself:
* I, the
therapist is friendly?
* I probably
feel me near him in practice?
* Is the good
practice available to me?
* Votes
distance, time, parking facilities?
* What are the
arrangements for contact it?
* Can I call
outside of office hours?
During the call can be
stated:
* If he takes
time for my concerns? He replies in detail to my
questions?
* What training
does he have? Where is the focus of his work?
* He has
experience with my problem?
* What type of
work to expect, and what he expected of me? Does he have enough
time to know me and to learn?
* How long is
expected to take the treatment?
In the first few hours you should
check:
* How does the
therapist with me?
* Do I feel
accepted by him or harassed?
* How he reacts
to eventual discomfort?
* Is it better
to me after the meetings?
Apart from a long-term
psychoanalytic therapy, which is created for years, takes a
psychological treatment - depending on the severity of the
disorder and the methodology - usually between 20 to 100 hours.
So if you after 10 - 20 sessions, feel better and not to see any
positive change is, you should consider whether voice therapists
and therapy.
Application procedure
be obtained from the sixth and
tenth session must be a commitment by the health insurance costs
for accounting. The client must make a treatment application. The
application is then made anonymous and supplemented with a
technical justification of the therapist. A reviewer of each fund
shall examine the application. A report of the family doctor is
needed, the physical causes of the disease precludes. How many
sessions will be approved depends on each proposed therapies. The
duration of each session is usually 50 minutes. The continuation
of therapy in each phase of treatment must be justified anew.
Susanne KöhlerAnyone who has questions about therapists and
psychotherapy, contact is not only in the psychotherapeutic and
professional associations but also in the national chambers of
psychotherapists who are responsible for the development and
adherence to professional and ethical standards.
Date Published: Jul 15, 2010 - 2:27 am
Psychodrama: Techniques
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Role reversal, doubling, mirroring - important
techniques in psychodrama
In psychodrama Although the
frame is set, the design of the game, however, is open. The
players are to implement the subject finally to their own ideas
and creative and spontaneous ways. The variety of techniques
within the psycho-drama is great, because it is not, as often
assumed, a simple RPG.
A classic psychological
drama in three parts:
1.
The Heating phase: It joins the group, topic or problem is
defined, the group would like to edit the
psycho-dramatic.
2.
In the Game phase is the subject on the stage and acted
out.
3.
In the Final phase group members explain their experiences of the
protagonists that are similar to the illustrated theme or
conflict. The players learn what and how they experienced in
their respective roles and felt.
The role reversal is the
most important element in the psychological drama. The game
leader asks the protagonist to take over the role of another
person. The aim of the role reversal, is to gain understanding
for the other person and to experience situations from the
perspective of the other. When doubling a second person takes the
same attitude of the protagonist behind him and speaks feelings
and sometimes thoughts of the I-shape that could reflect the
emotional situation of the protagonist. The psychodrama is, the
person doppelnde "auxiliary ego". The key word here is empathy.
In this way he will have a better contact with his own feelings.
The protagonist must also correct what was said. This technique
makes it particularly in inner blocks as repressed desires and
emotions to get back into the experience and
action.
When mirroring is the
protagonist distanced consider their own scene from a different
perspective. A "double" repeats a game scene of the protagonist
and imitated him in this in word choice, facial expressions and
gestures, that he looks at the view from the outside as in a
mirror - is here, emotional distance. With the group leader, he
can discuss any questions or comment regarding their own
behavior. There arise new ideas to their own practices may be
changed. Through the emotional distance sometimes stressful
issues also get an overview and unleashes
creativity.
Purpose
The spectrum of psychodrama
is comprehensive: As an individual, family and group
psychotherapy in which drugs work, personal and team development.
Situations within the group, in pairs or in individual meetings
to clarify some problematic interpersonal relationships can be
seen and treated in psychodrama. In the game, the participants
recognize communication problems and uncover root causes.
Deadlocked role models can break down and practice new behaviors.
Participants recognize and accept limitations and or learn to
cope with the associated injuries and frustration.
Therapies using psychodrama
in Germany - unlike in Austria - not recognized as an outpatient
procedure by health insurance. place in this country "psychodrama
as a therapeutic method, therefore, preferably in hospitals"
saturated, M. Rosenbaum, U. Kroneck write in their book
Psychodrama. Very often one finds therefore psychodrama in
educational and occupational areas.
Date Published: Jul 14, 2010 - 2:22 am
Psychodrama: setting the scene behaviors
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The Viennese psychiatrist Jacob Levy Moreno is the
founder of psychodrama: a therapeutic method in which life or
fantasies are acted out in order to experience new and free
themselves from entrenched role structures. The group leaders of
cancer support groups attend a training seminar. Your request:
You want to deal adequately with the heavy-and terminally
ill.
Even if they know the
disease from personal experience, they feel helpless sometimes,
sometimes overwhelmed when they deal with the patients. The
seminar leader will ask you to enact scenes and the sick.
Immediately, a particular role schema identified, namely, a
tireless nature, new patients fell ill again and again courage
award. Now calls for the seminar leader on the role reversal. The
(ill) participants are now experiencing the effects of
well-intended behavior: An avalanche of encouragement and
affirmation of life, which hardly allows air to particularly talk
about the fears. Them, it is also important to have a listener,
and to learn understanding - something that had the group leaders
themselves originally perceived as beneficial. After this
exchange of roles, almost all group leaders in a position to
change their behavior radically and to respond sensitively.
(Cited by: The Psycho-Drama by Martin Rosenbaum and Ulrike
Kroneck, Stuttgart, 2007).
"Acting is healing than
words"
Reduced to a nutshell means
psychodrama, behaviors set the scene. In an agreed framework with
the participants is about to try to act, observe, compare and
experience in their effect, both from our own than the opposite
role. In psychodrama staged the psyche themselves and their
problems on a stage. The terms are similar to those in the
theater - there are protagonists, antagonists, spectators and
match officials - the therapist, or a script writer but do not
give it. Because the goal of psychodrama is the activation and
integration of spontaneity and creativity. "Constructive
spontaneous action was taken, when the protagonist finds a new or
already known to a new situation and appropriate response."
(From: J. L. Moreno, Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama,
1959).
Many methods of
psychotherapy based on the speeches. Jacob Levy Moreno
(1890-1974) however, developed his ideas and concepts in the
observation of children playing. "My practical beginnings date
back to 1910. In the gardens of Vienna, I began in the years
1910-1914 children's groups form to play with them off the cuff
and to plant as the seed for Group Psychotherapy and
Psychodrama." From this he has held roles and impromptu games for
adults and dealt with the effect of spontaneous play. Moreno's
motto is "action is healing than words" or to fathom "The truth
of the soul through action."
Sun role plays or other
productions are well suited to making visible conflict
situations, to work in the gambling action and even to find new
strategies for conflict resolution. The scenic and playful
representation allows to expand the available repertoire of roles
and test practices. And here is a factor is crucial: by the
players compete, the protagonists and antagonists do something
active, they realize their actions. The experience is an act of
experience which, although still play a real, even physical
experience. Ideally, you will soon have a change in behavior -
such as in the example of group leaders, learned to listen better
and were more sensitive.
Date Published: Jul 13, 2010 - 2:16 am
Hypnosis
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Evocative murmur and a swinging pendulum in the eyes of
the opponent. That is the popular idea of hypnosis. But what is
really at it and where it finds its use?
has been identified as a
legitimate method of treatment again, hypnosis, especially
through the work of Milton Erickson in the 70's. The American
psychiatrist treating his patients do not follow standard
procedure, but placed the individual in the foreground. He used
every method, from which he believed that it helps the individual
patient, including the hypnosis. His books have met in Europe
started to interest and even doctors, to deal more with the
method. Hypnosis was used as frivolous, so their reputation is
constantly growing. The opinion of the scientific advisory board
of the psychotherapy of the Federal Government concludes that
hypnotherapy is recommended for certain diseases as a
scientifically accepted method. These disorders include
addiction, psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety and behavioral
disorders. But not just for these diseases, the therapy is now
being used.
Hypnosis to the doctor and
dentist
With the clinical or dental
hypnosis, the doctor or dentist as eingeleitetet Trance is
reduced, in many cases a general anesthesia or even replacing. At
the University Hospital in Liège, Belgium, for example, the
anesthetists hypnotize some of their patients even before
surgery, rather than to numb them. While the surgeon puts him
with the scalpel, the patient is totally immersed in a field - or
wherever he feels comfortable. As support from the arsenal of
traditional medicine in this case alone
painkillers.
Birth in a
trance
Also during childbirth
hypnosis is used. It helps women to relax, reduce anxiety and to
hide the pain. Has been known for a long time, that occur in a
trance physiological changes: your muscles relax, blood pressure
and decrease heart rate and breathing becomes regular and is due
to the stress hormone levels. All of these factors have a
positive impact on the labor. In the clinic, the pregnant women
to be prepared in several meetings at the birth under hypnosis.
In addition to medical history, ask the midwife also, where do
the trance journey is, after all, is the "inner place of peace"
at any elsewhere.
Irritable bowel
symptoms
A study from England showed
that hypnosis can also relieve irritable bowel symptoms. The
subjects learned under hypnosis, how does your gut. After twelve
sessions were at least 70 percent of them control their bowels so
that he was preparing them no more problems.
Important: Who wants to be
hypnotized should fall back to the medical professions of
doctors, dentists, psychologists and psychotherapists. This is
the group of persons, responsible for proper training, can handle
it and by his professional ethics and by law is also obliged to
work.
Addresses and
dates
If you want to know what
psychotherapists, physicians or dentists near him with hypnosis
work displayed on the homepages of the following organizations
appropriate lists. The site offers a wealth of information about
hypnosis and its application.
* German
Society of Hypnosis
* German
Society for Dental Hypnosis
* Milton
Erickson Society
In addition, the state
medical and dental associations and chambers of psychotherapists
provide information.
Date Published: Jul 12, 2010 - 2:09 am
Psychology discussion: talk therapy
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Scope for
psychotherapy
A typical application for
psychotherapy are the so-called neurotic disorders, to anxiety,
depression, psychosomatic disorders, sexual disorders are etc..
It is also considered a successful treatment for Addictive
disorders, personality disorders and psychotic disorders. For
outpatient treatment, the therapist is usually a 50-minute
session once per week. The average duration of treatment is about
70 meetings in two years - but that depends on the severity of
the disease. The psychotherapy is not approved as a provider of
health insurance, not all private insurance companies reimburse
the costs. These are between 50 and 100 € per therapy
hour.
Summary
Jochen Eckert gives some
recommendations how to find a patient, whether the talk therapy
and the therapist or the therapist are suitable. Basically, you
want the conversation psychotherapist of his patients nothing
more than to understand him, with the result that even the
patient himself better understood. Psychiatric and psychosomatic clinics give advice on
whether psychotherapy is a treatment in question and if so, what
type of therapy. If one finds directly access to a therapist, it
is customary and advisable to combine three to five preliminary
talks before a date, the actual therapy. At the end of
preliminary talks, the patient should be sure to want to start
treatment and have developed an optimistic feeling for
assistance. If the mental illness of the patient has one or more
patient treatment made necessary, he should conceal that the
therapist in any case, whether or not a previous suicide attempt.
He should in turn make sure the therapist that this treatment
does not end automatically when such crises should occur
again.
The main elements of talk
therapy are:
Empathy / empathic
understanding: The therapist must try to understand his clients /
patients, his reality and his view of the world. He must consider
not only the verbally expressed, but must also gestures, facial
expressions, etc. with. The things that the therapist has
understood and perceived, he should tell his client at all times.
Appreciation / acceptance: The client / patient should be - no
matter what he feels what he utters, or how he acts - from
therapists to feel fully accepted. He must feel that the
appreciation of the therapist does not depend on a particular
desired behavior. This fundamentally positive attitude boosts
self-confidence of the client and reinforces its confidence in
the therapy. Congruence / genuineness: Here it is important that
the therapist should be an integrated personality. This means
that cover his thoughts, feelings and actions have to be (no
contradictions). In addition to the content of the information
communicated, the tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures and
feelings match in their testimony. The therapist must therefore
necessarily of himself and his feelings be aware of for the most
part. He may play to his clients does not matter.
Date Published: Jul 11, 2010 - 2:04 am
Psychology discussion: self-actualization
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE The good in people and the pursuit of self-actualization
Rogers, unlike Sigmund
Freud, took an optimistic image of man, that of humanistic
psychology. Thus, man is a being who strives to realize his inner
potential and to develop his creative abilities. Human nature
tends ultimately always for the better, and failures occur in a
hostile human environment. The power for good causes that
everyone is trying to move towards the greatest possible degree
of self-fashioning for him. According to Rogers, the
psychotherapy help people the way to go forward to again when it
is closed to them. In his book he quotes the words of Chinese
philosopher Lao Tzu: "If I avoid to influence them, the people
themselves".
Carl Rogers emphasizes that,
are the self-development of man. For him there is no end state,
which can reach a person in her life. The man is in a process
lasting change. The more a person in a position to internal and
external stimuli without distortion in themselves perceive to be
so congruent, the more he tends to accept themselves and,
consequently, be necessary to change also. If man is able to address itself and possibly also to
change, he is developing in the direction of its perfection. This
"Actualizing tendency is considered to be the parent of meaning
and principle of development of human behavior and experience. It
means that to develop the human organism, all physical, mental
and spiritual potential and get examined. "(Swiss Society for
person-centered psychotherapy and counseling (SGGT)) extends this
development adversely, can lead to blockages, emotional
disturbances and inhibitions or destructive cause irrational,
antisocial behavior.
Carl Rogers' person-centered
psychotherapy: First comes the man
Therapy for Rogers,
especially a meeting of two people. True to the "dialogical
principle" of the philosopher Martin Buber, the self can only
contact a person from the ego to develop you, and not when a
person becomes an object of observation or treatment by another.
The therapist as this "you" is to help the client to update its
self. Rogers was twelve years as a clinical psychologist,
psychotherapy and counseling, before he became from 1940 1963
from three American universities as a professor of psychology and
(in part) for teaching psychiatry. In the sixties, Roger's
co-founder of the Center for Studies of the Person in La Jolla,
California, where he was active until his death. The therapy and
counseling approach developed in several phases, which were
reflected in its name: the "non-directive psychotherapy and
counseling" on the "client-centered therapy" to "person-centered
approach." In the late 1950s the Hamburg psychology professor
Reinhard exchange, the concept introduced in the German-speaking
and gave him the name "psychotherapy". In 1972, the Society for
scientific psychotherapy "(MLA) was founded, which established
the concept through development of training and further
training.
Date Published: Jul 10, 2010 - 2:01 am
Psychology discussion: Listening, Valuing Meet
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What does a successful psychotherapy? Carl Rogers, an
American psychologist, had for years seen therapists and
counselors in their practical work. Successful Psychotherapy,
which he found through sound recordings, listen carefully in the
first place, give as good as how not own opinions, take in
between or at the end of the conversation this together, what
they believe to have understood from their clients and show the
whole time sensitivity. No coffee, no advice "From the outside,"
writes Jochen Eckert, psychologist and professor of Clinical
Psychology and Psychotherapy at the University of Hamburg in
Escaping the madness.
Therapist and patient both
sitting on chairs, usually at a table in a corner, so that eye
contact, if desired, can be made active. The therapist says much
less than the patient. The therapist listens above all. If the
therapist says something, mostly to the emotional experience of
patients and the assessments made by the person to patient. "
Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987) developed the psychotherapy. Him it
was important not lead to directing the conversation - hence the
term "non-directive psychotherapy" The therapist does not give
advice, not indicated, there are no issues..
In contrast to
psychoanalysis, suggests the unconscious conflicts and behavioral
therapy, will provide new learning experiences, it is the goal of
psychotherapy patients (often the term "client" is used) to
support, explore themselves in his experience, problems
themselves to work out and develop their own solutions. Behind
this confidence is a power inherent in every human being to set
constructive processes of change. The aim of psychotherapy,
therefore, is to create conditions that generate this
power.
The aim of a positive
self-awareness
To the essence of
psychotherapy - including client-centered or person-centered
therapy called - to understand, here's a quick insight into the
theory. Mental disorders occur, especially when certain feelings
may not be felt, and certain experiences that are themselves
subject to certain feelings, not only distorted or incomplete or
can be made. In this context, the concept of self-Carl Rogers
made it a central element in its treatment approach and in his
personality theory. This self is a development that results in
contact with other people - first and foremost, these are the
parents. This development is influenced by the positive self now
an innate need of attention. Important to develop a positive
self-concept are, for example, recognition and appreciation, but
also admitting feelings such as anger and sadness. If these
feelings, or the showing of these feelings punished by the
parents and suppressed, so this favors the development of a
negative self-concept.
Rogers' self-concept of a
person subject to constant change, as a function of the
self-awareness. For the mental health of a person is the degree
of congruence, that is the consistency of self-concept with their
own experiences and the associated physical and sensory
experiences are important. Jochen Eckert cites an example: If the
mother about the tantrums of her child, not tolerate, it will not
subsequently be integrated into the emotional experience of
themselves. Later, as an adult, it will report to the therapist's
own fear of the anger, because he is angry then with the same
evil. To a psychosis, it will come when an emotional experience
of self is not integrated, but it can not be blocked. The
self-concept breaks down then. "The acute psychotic person is
then - at least for outsiders - not himself, but de-ranged."
Therapists are now trying in psychotherapy, "breaks" which are
the incongruities reveal. In one warm-hearted, marked by empathy
atmosphere, the problems are worked out. We do not make
evaluation. The more understanding and accepting you meet people,
the more likely they are capable of Rogers, its aggressive and
destructive sides positively to integrate into the overall
personality.
Date Published: Jul 09, 2010 - 1:57 am
Dolphin therapy: swimming therapists
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The dolphin is a film star and ball-throwing clown in
demonstrations, is injured as bycatch in tuna nets and killed,
and as the media become a kind of status healer. For years, more
and more dolphin therapy for handicapped children in holiday
destinations, they often have positive effects, but they are also
very expensive.
Psychologists at the
University of Würzburg have been tested in the Dolphinarium of
the Nuremberg zoo this therapy for several years.Arion, Greek
poet and singer from Lesbos, born about 600 BC, had, according to
legend, a special relationship with the marine mammals: jumped as
it would deprive sailors at sea, he unceremoniously into the sea.
A dolphin took him on his back and carried him to the coast. Tell
stories and movies about the intelligent and friendly marine
mammals, it has always existed.
Dolphins in the
therapy
For about 20 years, dolphins
have a reputation as a practitioner - mostly children with severe
mental or physical disabilities are particularly respond well to
this treatment. A clearly defined illness or disability picture
that dolphin therapy is tailored specifically, there is no way.
It is used in children or adults with Down syndrome, autism or
cerebral palsy (a movement disorder due to neonatal brain
injury), already traumatized people or patients in Wachkoma.1987,
the American behavioral scientist and neurologist David E.
Nathanson, the effect of dolphins on children investigated. He
developed form of therapy "Dolphin Human Therapy (DHT) showed
considerable success. Children learned with the help of the
bottlenose dolphin - because this one is in therapy - four times
faster than without the marine mammals.
Another study by Dr.
Nathanson at the Dolphin Research Center, suffering from
hydrocephalus (water on the brain) or in language and memory
disorders, confirmed the results. The children were able to
concentrate when playing with the animal therapists much better
and relax. From then on, could take hundreds of children and
adults from all over the world at the Dolphin Human Therapy.
There were 400 children per year "supervised" by the dolphins
that live there - had until the end of October 2006, after
numerous attacks Florida Hurricanes is, there the dolphin therapy
discontinued until further notice. Whether and where the DHT is
continued, is currently unclear.
had countless media reports
of miraculous healing results of dolphin therapy and have aroused
in parents of children with severe disabilities high hopes.
Several partly dubious suppliers from around the world have
offered to high prices their treatment strategies. Worldwide
there are probably hundreds of treatment centers that offer
therapy. The costs do not take the health insurance soon be
reaching 15000-20000 €, as flight, hotel, etc. must be applied in
addition to the actual therapy.
Dolphin therapy is possible
in Germany
Dolphin therapy has nothing
to do with the seemingly fun clowning of trained dolphins. 1998
at the University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology, the
research project to evaluate the dolphin therapy established for
children. Working there, the psychologist Erwin Breitenbach. The
goal of therapy with the porpoises focuses on communication:
working with the animals, they should actively reach out to other
people, for reason of disability since birth, has scant
communication with the environment instead.
The dolphin therapy at the
University of Wuerzburg will be held in the Dolphinarium of the
Nuremberg Zoo. Here's a concept for the treatment of children
with various disabilities such as Down syndrome, physical
disabilities, mental retardation and autism at the age of five to
ten years was developed. Even at the current research project,
children can participate in this age range.
The psychologists at the
University of Würzburg wanted to find out what actually triggers
the positive effect - moving in the warm water, the holiday
atmosphere that relaxes the whole family, the animals themselves
or the accompanying therapeutic care. The first results have
shown that the children are already following a week of therapy,
open-minded and confident. They learn in spite of their sometimes
severe disability with words, gestures, facial expressions and
make them more understandable. Parents learn their part to
observe their children more sensitive and understand the signals
better.
There is no special holiday
atmosphere with palm trees and beach is not in Nuremberg. The
children must not be in the water. It is above all the animals
themselves, who have on the kids, an ice-breaker "function. Some
learn to show emotions, to speak words or sentences, are exempt
in dealing with others, or just have fun.
Dolphin therapy in
Nuremberg
A week of therapy consists
of ten calendar days with eight days of therapy. The therapy
sessions are conducted in Nuremberg Dolphinarium by experienced
physiotherapists. The whole treatment cycle is accompanied by a
team of qualified psychologists and special educators. Parents
are involved. In addition to the therapy sessions in the
Dolphinarium parent talks are ongoing with the project team. For
the accommodation of the families make their own responsibility.
The sickness funds pay the therapy so far. The cost of a week of
therapy, the participants themselves, they amount to € 2,500 per
family.
In order to receive
knowledge on the effectiveness of the dolphin therapy, the
parents fill out questionnaires before and after treatment for
their child's development. These data are supplemented by the
inclusion of a supervisor of the child (speech therapists,
occupational therapists). The data collected is anonymous and
used for research.
Interested parents should at
Dr. Lorenzo von Fersen (Nuremberg Zoo, Mail: lvfersen@odn.de) Or
Dr. Erwin Breitenbach (University of Würzburg, e-mail:
spa1020@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de) Request. The so-called
animal-assisted therapy is not restricted to dolphins. Children
with physical disabilities usually receive exercise therapy with
great success on horses. "The use of horses in the equine
therapy, occurs very often in the context of physical therapy for
people with physical disabilities or other motor impairments.
Dogs are often used in veterinary visit projects in homes for the
disabled, old age homes and hospitals." Says Erwin Breitenbach of
these specific therapies knowledge in the mission planet.
"Meanwhile, even lamas in the treatment of psychiatric,
psychosomatic and addictive disorders are used. Initial tests are
known to use animals on a farm for the treatment of children with
disabilities with success." Says Breitenbach.
Delfin - Pet of the Year
2007
Dolphins are thriving and
are extremely popular. In many ocean regions where they live,
watching tours are offered, sometimes combined with the
possibility of the animals swim. The WWF points out, however,
that there are unscrupulous tour operators, not the protected
areas respected. It should make tourists. For the world's 34
marine and five river dolphin species are threatened
considerably. Therefore, the United Nations has declared 2007 the
Year of the Dolphin.
Date Published: Jul 08, 2010 - 1:45 am
Alexander therapy
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Do not worry: This therapy
is also suitable for people who are not named "Alexander". The
therapeutic body training goes back to the Australian actor
Frederick Matthias Alexander, the end of the 19th Century always
had trouble speaking. After no doctor could help him, he came to
his problem by monitoring body in the mirror on the
track.
Always stay
relaxed
Alexander noted that in
speaking he stretched his head too far forward and thus blocked
his vocal cords. The solution lay in a series of relaxation
exercises, which gradually resulted in an extensive body workout.
Today the Alexander technique, a method for changing physical
activity and behavioral patterns. Starting point for the
corresponding mental processes. The student learns the
coordinated use of himself, tension and pain caused by bad habits
such as posture to leave, or disappear altogether. This is
especially true for orthopedic injury such as back, shoulder and
neck pain, tennis elbows or mouse arm. Incorrect movements that
are practiced for years, are very often in joint pain and
tension.
Incorrect movements
seen
What holds true for dancers
and athletes, and other people in everyday situations. In pain
you shall automatically called a posture that increase the actual
cause of the pain often. A prominent example is back pain, which
too often leads to problems in other parts of the body, because
it moves unnatural fear of wrong movements. With the help of the
Alexander Technique, such attitudes already recognized and the
proper handling of the body as part of the underlying disease
will be developed. It does not matter whether the complaints are
due to accidents or birth defects. Alexander teachers can
perceive the slightest changes in the body of the student and
with their hands out to indicate where excess power can be
released.
Even with psychosomatic
disorders in which a disturbance of body image is present - such
as in anorexia or bulimia - the Alexander Technique can be used
in support of medical treatment because, among other things, the
perception of the body is trained. Parkinson's patients benefit
from the Alexander Technique has been proven that by reducing
their degree of disability.
Properly understand
access
How do I lift properly? How
can I raise more? One can easily imagine how techniques are
essential for optimal movements for certain professional groups.
Who, for instance, is much at the computer, who works as a
cashier or a musician in an orchestra that can learn the
Alexander Technique in private tuition lessons of 30-50 minutes,
or in group classes. Alexander teachers expect some thirty
lessons built up a student such a wealth of experience, has that
he can apply the technology in everyday life. In the single hour,
the teacher can focus on his students. In general, he will be
making his verbal statements with subtle touch of his hands to
give the student the opportunity to experience optimal physical.
In one group, students can also develop and refine their visual
flair and, because they can observe each other. In addition, you
get the group more easily to a comprehensive understanding of
physical and mental habits, because students share with each
other and talk about similarities and differences.
Date Published: Jul 07, 2010 - 1:41 am
Music Therapy: entering the world of sound
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"She likes music only when it is loud when it goes into
the stomach," Herbert Grönemeyer sang in 1984 and made so many
people first realize that deaf people take up vibrations through
their body and exercise. The perception of vibration is only one
facet of music as therapy - the awakening of emotions and
memories a others.
Music as a means of
communication
Not only to sing flatly
declarations of love under wobbly balconies or political beliefs
loudly to bring into the world. In medicine, music used since
ancient times to cure many ailments. From the realm of the
Sumerians temple songs have survived, who were closely involved
in healing rituals. Through the ancient world to 1550 was set to
music education of the respective physicians. In the presence of
the music therapy experienced after the Second World War, a
strong recovery. Today, music therapy is defined as "selective
use of music in the context of the therapeutic relationship to
restoring, maintaining and promoting mental, physical and mental
health". This refers to all music
therapy psychotherapeutic approaches that are used in medicine.
It is not about "right" or "wrong" singing, or about whether the
piano lessons were a success.
Music therapy against
forgetting
Music therapy is often used
under conditions in which the usual means of communication. For
the most common psychological and psychiatric disorders in old
age - Depression and dementia - the most music therapy support
and help. Depressed people who are caught up in their emotions,
succeeds with music often to leave the emotional rigidity and
being open to life. The music therapy access to depressed people,
however, should be left to the therapist. Music therapy is always
part of a therapy plan and is looked after competent - making it
easy to play a CD is not enough. Age-demented people, music is
the drug of choice to bring back memories. Because formative
musical experiences will be made in youth and old people with
dementia in general in the reality of their childhood and youth
live, music therapists can draw on experiences and adventures
that have not forgotten their patients. Many old demented
patients who can no longer remember the names of their loved ones
can easily sing songs from her youth. For many patients, but the
experience is a quality of life. With music emotions are
addressed that go far beyond verbal and cognitive skills.
Conversely, in this way can also be re-stimulated mobility: a
little dance to the music often follows spontaneously when rhythm
and music to tell the body. Recognition of this potential is for
the music therapist who has to deal accordingly with each
patient. The term "music lesson in a nursing home" is one of the
music therapy approach in the elderly that is certainly not
fair.
With rattles and soft
strings
What kind of music, the
instruments and is used therapeutically in which its embrace
music decides the therapist. Many therapists use as an Orff
instruments that require no musical background of patients. When
body sensation and perception are to be supported, it is also a
"sound chair" is used. The patient sits upright with his back
against the backrest in the chair, placed on the back of steel
strings by the therapist to vibrate. The sound is perceived in
the chair all over the body in which the spine is the physical
center of transmission of vibration. Therapists will appreciate
the sound chair, because it allows the patient an upright but
comfortable posture, supports the inner mindfulness and
awareness. to feel especially patients who are afraid to be
delivered, or physical disability are very helpless, benefit from
the new therapy tool. For infants and children or the severely
disabled and sound beds are used by which the sounds can be
perceived through the body.
Relaxation for body and
soul
Music - whether primary or
even played one - is used to appeal emotionally to the patient
and to reduce tensions along the way and related to communicative
approaches to the patient. Accordingly, music is used as a
building block in the psychological and psychiatric treatment of
children. Because the hearing for the longest time remains
functional, it is also very sick of music can be addressed.
Studies have found that these patients through the medium of
listening sounds, sounds and language can be addressed. At the
same sentiments to be transported. Trust, security and closeness
with sound. Measurements show that follow a more extensive and
more regular breathing and a slower heart beat - relaxing and
calming occurs. Therefore, music therapy is used as adjunctive
therapy in patients in a vegetative state. In these patients,
there have been external influences such as an accident, bleeding
in the brain or temporary lack of oxygen to lasting damage.
Previously it was assumed that people do not perceive their
environment in a vegetative state. Often these patients are with
their eyes open, but almost motionless in their beds. Outside
observers find it difficult to assess what is going on in them.
Today we know that vegetative state patients respond to care and
offered targeted sensory stimuli. In many patients, set-up in the
course of coma vigil a relief as may be temporarily or
permanently. Therefore, music therapy measures are also
recommended by the Association of German Pension Insurance
Institutes.
Date Published: Jul 06, 2010 - 1:35 am
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