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Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm
several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not
uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all
participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate
consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the
basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is
intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a
couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual
principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in
their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other,
presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the
blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general
sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a
therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of
revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and
communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the
American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and
to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one
time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms,
whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem;
but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and
arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want
to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the
brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters,
whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men
of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are
individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such
psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms
they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is
considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of
the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as
the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating
experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in
which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express
themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while
the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the
early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a
sorcerer who eats them [the mushrooms] and tells them what they
have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full
voice."
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm
several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not
uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all
participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate
consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the
basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is
intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a
couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual
principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in
their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other,
presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the
blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general
sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a
therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of
revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and
communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the
American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and
to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one
time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms,
whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem;
but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and
arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want
to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the
brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters,
whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men
of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are
individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such
psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms
they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is
considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of
the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as
the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating
experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in
which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express
themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while
the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the
early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a
sorcerer who eats them [the mushrooms] and tells them what they
have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full
voice."
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm
INTRODUCTION
Mind-altering (psilocybine
containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious
healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica
for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of
hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in
various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean,
Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands),
Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa;
Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use
of
hallucinogenic mushrooms has been
stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines,
word-of-mouth communication, the
World Wide Web and Internet, and also
by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown
ethnomycologist R. Gordon
Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy
Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and
others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide
reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of
psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New
Zealand. Information in this guide
has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the
author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items
appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with
Australian and New Zealand (NZ)
professionals (Unsigned 1970;
O'Neill, 1986).
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm
More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the
coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30
inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and
Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments
for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy
rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was
introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with
their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably
applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and
several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of
other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the
non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii.
While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the
central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export
these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas
where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter
referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia
cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata
only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not
directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The
identification section of this guide documents reported locations
for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia
and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for
recreational purposes.
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm
The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the
source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed.
Date Published: May 23, 2011 - 6:00 pm