Feed: Engineering Probability and Statistics - AggScore: 49.6

Statistics and Market Research

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Population data help the businessman considerably in exploring new markets for his product; they serve as guideposts to market demand. The information on the consumer’s preference, buying habits, levels of living and income, together with their competition to be met, and the cost of operating business should be carefully studied.It should be noted that not all commodities enjoy large sales even

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

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The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the statistical method used for testing the null hypothesis that the means of several populations are equal. The comparison in means of 3 or more populations which follow normal distributions can be taken simultaneously in just one application of this test. This test, therefore, is a generalization of the z and t tests of two normal population means.In order to

Correlation Formula

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CORRELATION= is a measure of relationship between two variables.Coefficient of correlation determine validity, reliability and objectivity of an examination prepared. It also indicates the amount of agreement or disagreement between groups of scores, measurements, or individuals.Interpretation of Ranges+ 0.00 to + 0.20 –Slight correlation, almost negligible relationship+ 0.21 to + 0.40 –Slight

Set Operations

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1. With any two sets “A” and “B” there is associated a third set “C” satisfying the property that C = { X/X Є AV x Є B }In words: “C” is equal to X, such that X is belong to “A” or X is an element of B“C” is called the union of “A” and “B” we denote the set C symbolically as C = A U BExample:A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}A U B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}2. With any two sets A & B

Kinds of set

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1. Finite set – countableExample: Sets A, B, C, D are finite sets2. Infinite set – uncountableExample: Set E is an infinite set3. Empty or null set – has no elementExample: A = { }4. Equal set – set A and set B are equal set if the elements of set A is exactly the element of set B.Example:A = {set of an even counting number of one digit} = {2,4,6,8}B = {set of an integral multiples of

Methods of Writing Set

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Example: Roster Method and Rule MethodMethods of Writing Set1. Roster or tabular methodThe elements of the set are enumerated and separated by comma.2. Rule method or set builderA, descriptive phrase is used to describe the elements of the set

Sets Definition and Examples

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SetDefinition:Set is a well-defined collection of things or objectsNote: Sets maybe denoted by capital letters such as A,B,X, YAn element or member of a set is a thing that belongs to the set and maybe denoted by small letters such as a,b,c……..x,y.The members of the set are enclose in braces { }, with a comma separating the members.Example:The set “A” whose members are ETHEL, CYNTHIA, CHELO, we

Empty Set and Set

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- A set is a collection of things- An element or member of a set is a thing that belongs to the set.* There are many words which we use in everyday language that have the same meaning as the word set.Example:1. A herb of cattle is a set of cattle2. A flock of birds is a set of birds3. A squadron of planes is a set of planes4. a school of fish is a set of fish5. A regiment of

Permutation Formula and Example

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PermutationEach different arrangement or ordered set of object is caused a permutation of those objects.- if A = {a1, a2, a3……. An} is any set of n elements then any arrangement of the elements of “A” along a line is called a permutation of the elements of A.All the permutation of the elements of the set is given by the formula:P = n! where n = no. of elementsProblem:How many permutations can be

Statistics Probability Sample Problems

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1. At a certain canteen, Doris can choose merienda from three drinks (Coke, Pepsi, Gulaman) and four sandwiches from (bacon, chicken, tuna, egg). In how many ways.Solution:D = {Coke, Pepsi, Gulaman}N(D) = 3S = {Bacon, Chicken, Tuna, Egg}N(S) = 4N1 . N2 = 3 x 4 = 12 ways2. Two dice are rowed, in how many ways can they fall? If 3 dice are rowed? and if 4 dice are rowed?For two diceN1 = 6N2 = 6N1.

Statistics Probability: Definitions, Principles and Samples

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Probability which connotes the “chance” or the “likelihood” that something will happen or occur is an interesting and fascinating area of mathematics.Probability – the part of mathematics that deals with the questions “how likely” is called probability or the theory of probability.Probability – is a measure of certainty, its scale is from 0 to 1. A probability of zero indicates that there is no

Mode

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Mode = is that single measure or score which occurs most frequently. When data are grouped into a frequency distribution, the crude mode is usually taken to be the midpoint of that interval which contains the largest frequency.When to use the mode:1. When a quick and approximate measure of central tendency is all that is wanted.2. When the measure of central tendency should be the most

Median

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b.) Median = in the midpoint of the distribution. Half of the values in a distribution fall below median and the other half fall above it.When to use the median:1. When the exact midpoint f the distribution is wanted the, 50% point.2. When there are extreme scores which would markedly affect the mean. Extreme scores do not disturb the median.3. When it is desired that certain scores

Measures of Central Tendency - Mean

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Central Tendency is the point about which the scores tend to cluster, a sort of average in the series. It is the center of concentration of scores in any set of data. It is a single number which represents the general level of performance of a group.Three (3) measures of Central Tendencya.) Mean – The mean on arithmetic mean, or arithmetic average is defined as the sum of the values in the

Graphical Method of Presenting Data and Frequency

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1. Histogram. Class boundaries (x) vs. class frequency (y)2. Frequency Polygon. Class Mark (x) vs. class frequency (y)3. Less than ogive, upper class limit (x) vs. less than cumulative frequency (y)4. Greater than ogive. Lower class limit (x) vs. greater than cumulative frequency (y)