MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3 for short has become a common audio
format that is deployed to transfer and playback music on digital
audio player. It was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group
which included amongst others, Fraunhofer of Germany,
Thomson-Brandt, AT&T-Bell Labs of USA, and CCETT. It obtained
an ISO/IEC standard in 1991. MP3 compressed the original audio
without any loss of its original quality. The reduction in data was
convenient for recording and storage. A CD file could be compressed
with MP3 to one-tenth of its original size. This could be achieved
with 128 kbits/s which is a mid-range bit rate setting. Auditory
masking is done that gives this compression. It was in 1994 that
the first MP3 software encoder was introduced. The file extension
name originally was .bit. This was altered to .mp3 in 1995. In the
same year, Winplay3 was launched. This was the first real time
software encoder to be introduced in the market. Very soon, audio
files conversion to MP3 files began. These could be played back in
the personal computers. MP3 became a rave hit and the Internet
hastened its fame. MP3 soon became much used assisted by Winamp
that was released in 1997 and the Unix audio player mpg123 in 1998.
MP3 began to be offered free in the later part of 1997 when mp3.com
itself offered it free. Compact discs were now ripped and peer to
peer transfer of music files became rampant. The launch of Napster
in 1999 further fueled large scale peer to peer file transfers.
Copyright violations proliferated with allegations flying around.
No doubt there was a spate of litigations in the court. MP3 players
are mainly of three categories. There are those that are based on
hard drives, micro hard drives and flash based. The larger and
heavier amongst them is the hard drive based MP3 players. They have
a large capacity of ten gigabytes or more comprising some 2,900 MP3
files. The micro hard rive based players are similar but compact
and smaller in size and internal storage capacity. They typically
have six gigabytes holding about 1,700 MP3 files. Both these
categories of players have rechargeable batteries. The flash based
MP3 players are very compact without any moving parts, use minimal
power but having a low capacity ranging from 32 megabytes to two
gigabytes. WiFi connectivity was introduced to enable download of
music from the Internet and the first one to be introduced was
Sandisk Sansa Connect 4GB MP3 player. While the unauthorized
sharing continues extensively, many companies began selling music
in MP3 format such as Xiie.net, Bleep, Juno Records, Beatport,
eMusic, Amazon.com and Zune Marketplace. There have been patent and
licensing related disputes over MP3 involving Thomson Consumer
Electronics, Fraunhofer Institute, Sisvel S.p.A., SanDisk, Texas
MP3 Technologies, Apple, Samsung Electronics, Texas MP3
Technologies, Alcatel-Lucent and some more. MP3 players have really
evolved a lot and so music lovers can enjoy as much as they want
to. In the past, you need to purchase expensive music albums but
today, it's a different musical scenario already. Other
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